苏轼宦海贬谪行迹（1056年 — 1101年 · 北宋嘉祐元年至建中靖国元年 · ）

年二十一的苏轼与弟苏辙随父苏洵自蜀中眉州启程，乘舟循岷江入长江，复由褒斜道越秦岭赴东京汴梁应试。

At age twenty-one, Su Shi set out from Meizhou in Sichuan with his father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe to take the imperial examinations in Kaifeng.

苏轼《初发嘉州》：“朝发鼓阗阗，西风猎画旃。故乡飘已远，往意浩无边。”Su Shi, Departing Jiazhou: "Morning drums thunder as the west wind snaps our painted banner; home drifts far behind, our aspirations boundless."

嘉祐二年春闱，主考官欧阳修读苏轼《刑赏忠厚之至论》惊喜击节，苏氏兄弟同科进士及第，文名震动汴京。

Chief examiner Ouyang Xiu marveled at Su Shi’s essay in the 1057 examination, proclaiming that the older generation must make way for this rising genius.

欧阳修《与梅圣俞书》：“读轼书，不觉汗出，快哉快哉！老夫当避路，放他出一头地也。”Ouyang Xiu: "Reading Su Shi’s essay brought beads of sweat in sheer delight—this old man must step aside and let him stand a head above!"

制科入第三等，授大理评事、签书凤翔府判官。初历地方吏治，兴修东湖、革除衙前弊政，作《喜雨亭记》《石鼓歌》。

Appointed magistrate-assessor in Fengxiang in Guanzhong, where he reformed corvée transport and composed Pavilion of Joyful Rain.

苏轼《喜雨亭记》：“使天而雨珠，寒者不得以为襦；使天而雨玉，饥者不得以为粟。”Su Shi, Pavilion of Joyful Rain: "Were Heaven to rain pearls, the cold could not wear them as coats; were it to rain jade, the hungry could not eat it as grain."

因上书直陈王安石新法之弊，自请外放任杭州通判（后于元祐四年再知杭州浚湖筑苏堤），巡行属县、赈济灾荒，留下无数西湖诗篇。

Opposing Wang Anshi’s New Policies, Su Shi requested provincial assignment as Vice-Prefect of Hangzhou, immortalizing West Lake in verse.

苏轼《饮湖上初晴后雨》：“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。”Su Shi: "If I may compare West Lake to Lady Xishi, in light makeup or rich adornment she is equally peerless."

主动求调密州知州，抗旱捕蝗、收养弃婴；于超然台思念胞弟苏辙，写就《水调歌头·明月几时有》与《江城子·密州出猎》，开宋词豪放一派。

As Governor of Mizhou in Shandong, Su Shi pioneered the heroic ci-poetry style with "When Will the Bright Moon Be" and "Hunting at Mizhou."

苏轼《水调歌头》：“人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”Su Shi, Prelude to Water Melody: "Men have sorrow and joy, parting and reunion; the moon has clouds and clear skies, waxing and waning."

知徐州时黄河决口迫城，苏轼布衣草履率禁军筑堤死守保住全城；元丰二年调知湖州，旋因诗文遭御史台弹劾逮赴汴京诏狱，史称“乌台诗案”。

After saving Xuzhou from Yellow River floods, Su Shi was arrested in 1079 over alleged satire in his poems and imprisoned in the Imperial Censorate ("Crow Terrace Case").

苏轼《狱中寄子由》：“是处青山可埋骨，他年夜雨独伤神。与君世世为兄弟，更结来生未了因。”Su Shi, From Prison to Ziyou: "Anywhere the green hills may bury my bones; in future years you will grieve alone in the night rain."

出狱后责授检校水部员外郎、黄州团练副使。躬耕城东荒坡自号“东坡居士”，于困顿中完成了精神蜕变，写出《定风波》《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、前后《赤壁赋》与《寒食帖》。

Banished to Huangzhou on the Yangtze, he farmed the "Eastern Slope" (taking the name Dongpo) and composed his greatest masterpieces at the Red Cliffs.

苏轼《定风波》：“竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。”Su Shi, Calming the Waves: "Bamboo staff and straw sandals lighter than a steed—who fears? One straw cloak in misty rain for a lifetime."

元祐更化曾召还翰林学士、知杭州颖州扬州定州；绍圣元年哲宗亲政后新党复起，年近六旬的苏轼远贬岭南惠州安置，捐犀带助修东新桥、西新桥。

Following political reversals in 1094, the nearly sixty-year-old Su Shi was banished across the Nanling Mountains to Huizhou in Guangdong.

苏轼《食荔枝》：“日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人。”Su Shi, Eating Lychees: "Feasting on three hundred lychees a day, I would gladly remain a man of Lingnan forever."

六十二岁再贬琼州别驾、昌化军（儋州）安置。跨海抵天涯绝岛，居桄榔庵、食芋饮水、讲学授徒，开启琼州文教之风，培养出海南首位举人姜唐佐。

At sixty-two, banished across the Qiongzhou Strait to Hainan Island, where he lived in a palm-thatched hut and mentored Hainan’s first provincial graduate.

苏轼《六月二十日夜渡海》：“九死南荒吾不恨，兹游奇绝冠平生。”Su Shi, Crossing the Sea at Night: "Nine deaths in the southern wilds leave me no regret—this wondrous journey crowns my entire life."

元符三年徽宗即位大赦北归，渡海经廉州、永州沿赣江北上；建中靖国元年七月廿八日病逝于常州顾塘桥孙氏馆，享年六十六岁。

Pardoned in 1100, Su Shi traveled north by boat and passed away in Changzhou in July 1101 at age sixty-six, summing up his life in a final self-portrait poem.

苏轼《自题金山画像》：“心似已灰之木，身如不系之舟。问汝平生功业，黄州惠州儋州。”Su Shi, Inscription on My Portrait at Jinshan: "My heart like ashen wood, my body an unmoored boat. Ask of my life’s achievements: Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou."